Breast Feeding and Formula Advantages and Disadvantages...

If you were able to produce milk for your child and had no complications with feeding, would you be more willing to feed your baby that way? Or would you still pick formula? It’s an important decision the mom has to make not only for herself but for her child as well. Moms still today don’t know the benefits of breastfeeding and are quick to pick up a can of formula because of rumors or just lack of education on the subject. The benefits of breast feeding extend well beyond basic nutrition. There is no greater feeling in the world, then knowing that your body is able to produce food for your child. Unlike formula, where youre not too sure what all is in each can. If you ask moms today about breast feeding, about 50% are all for it and†¦show more content†¦Now days, they have a lactation consultant to help with any trouble or questions you have about breast feeding. They are able to help at any time of the day 7 days a week. When helping, they want to make sure you are comfortable with everything and understand not just the basics but also complications that may arise with breast feeding before they let you go solo. Some benefits for your child would be that the babies’ immune system starts off great just from the colostrum from the first feeding. Breast milk contains all vitamins and nutrients your baby will need for the first six months of life. Numerous studies have shown that stomach viruses, lower respiratory illnesses, ear infections and other illnesses occur less in a breastfed child verses a child that drinks formula. Your baby will be able to digest breast milk better then formula therefore won’t have issues when it comes to stools. Some negatives that people may have heard are that it hurts. Yes it hurts but only for about a week if that. They make creams to help with pain. Some also may not because they are very shy about feeding in public because they don’t want the reaction from others. They have made blan kets and cover ups so you can discretely feed your baby without the judgment of others. Also a big problem for some mothers might be that they cannot produce. Unfortunately you cannot do much for that. According to womenshealth.orgShow MoreRelatedBreast Feding vs. Formula Feeding862 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding There are advantages and disadvantages to both breastfeeding and formula feeding. Some things to consider when deciding which to choose are: cost, convenience, nutrition, and the health benefits to both the baby and to the mother. In terms of cost, an advantage to breastfeeding is that breast milk is free. Its estimated that breastfeeding can save you thousands of dollars a year, depending on the brand of formula that would have been used instead. AccordingRead MoreDoe Assignment11278 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Breast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy Jane Doe CHFD 308 American Public University Dr. John DoeBreast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy This essay is about the breast feeding vs bottle feeding controversy. Are you depriving your infant of nutrients they need if you chose to bottle feed? Will your child be unhealthy if you chose not to breast feed? Some women feel like breast feeding is always better, some women feel like bottle feeding is just the same. Breast feeding is usuallyRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding1111 Words   |  5 PagesSoto 1 Melissa Soto Human Development Professor Daniel Marron 13 February 2015 Breast feeding vs. formula feeding One of the most imperative decision as an expectant mother is deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed their newborn. Organizations including World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocate breastfeeding as the advantageous option for newborns. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeedingRead MoreBreast Feeding Advantages and Disadvantages1014 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigate the advantages and disadvantages of breast feeding and bottle feeding to find which is better This piece of writing is going to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of breast and bottle feeding to find which method is better. By researching the information that is available then there should be a definitive answer to the question that has been asked. This essay will be looking at both methods, providing both advantages and disadvantages of breast and bottle feeding to concludeRead MoreBreastfeeding VS Formula Bottle-feeding Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesBreastfeeding vs. Formula Bottle-feeding Every mother of a newborn baby must make a very personal decision when it comes to how they are going to feed their infant. I was faced with that decision 3 years ago when I had my first son who I named Ethen. It was one of the very hardest decisions I had to make. I had to consider all the good benefits of breast feeding as well as the benefits of formula bottle-feeding, but the good benefits of breastfeeding outnumbered the bottle feeding ones. I finallyRead MoreIs Breastfeeding Better Than Formula Feeding?963 Words   |  4 PagesIs breastfeeding better than formula feeding? There comes a point in which a mother has to make a critical decision,whether she should breastfeed or give formula to her infant. These two nurturing ways do have advantages and disadvantages. Depending on what the mother decides to take is what will decide how the infant will develop. This nurturing choices affect the development of the brain and the immune system. Any changes in the baby s nutrient will ha ve an affect on the infant s life. What isRead MoreThe Breast Vs. Bottle Debate1718 Words   |  7 Pages The Breast vs. Bottle Debate Deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed ones baby is one of the biggest and most crucial decisions expectant and new parents will make before giving birth. Organizations such as World Health Organizations (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and American Dietetic Association recommend breastfeeding as the best option for the newborn. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeeding affirm that it defendsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Midwives of Women Who Choose to Bottle Feed1013 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirement not to breastfeed. In addition, why bottle-feeding their babies is the women choice. Why breast-feeding is, better for mother and baby than bottle-feeding. Women who choose to bottle-feed. Woman who choose to bottle-feed their babies, can decide why they bottle-feed, through a number of factors. The womans age; her level of education; her cultural background, this can all help her decide to bottle-fed, for example if she was brought up on formula and her friends and family all bottle-fed theirRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Breast Feeding1451 Words   |  6 Pagesonly two choices, breastfeeding or bottle/formula feeding. Breast feeding is simply the baby sucking milk from the mother’s breasts, while formula feeding is manufactured food fed to the baby with a bottle. There are arguments for and against one or the other, but which is actually better? Below we will examine the pros and cons of both methods, in an effort to understand if one is truly better than the other. First we will look at the pros of Breast-feeding. According to the Office on Women’s HealthRead MoreBenefits of Breastfeeding Essay595 Words   |  3 Pagesbreastfeeding or formula feeding; and opinions about the preferred feeding choice in that family) around breastfeeding. Many of these opinions impact the choice and options that the family and new mother have. Studies after studies have been performed to search for the answer to the question every woman asks herself, â€Å"What is the best way to feed my baby?† Breast-feeding is the all-natural process in which infants get the nutritional consumption that they need to survive, grow, and progress. Human breast milk

Various religions Essay - 641 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the Hindu and Christian religion various rituals are performed by followers. These rituals allow the followers to celebrate in their beliefs. The most popular practice performed in almost every religion is prayer and or meditation. Prayer and meditation allow followers to come together and praise a God or gods. Hinduism has commonly been viewed as a polytheistic religion, one that worships multiple deities: gods and goddesses, while Christianity is a Monotheistic tradition. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hindus believe in the repetitious transmigration of the soul. This is the transfer of ones soul after death into another body. This produces a continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth†¦show more content†¦You would love the deity not in the Christian God-like sense, but as you would love a friend, parent, or a child,nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Christians do not practice yoga as a form of prayer or meditation, but rather gather weekly to meet for worship in commemoration of the Lord Jesus’ resurrection. They rejoice and reflect on the life and teachings of Jesus. Prayer is a form of meditation for Christians because it requires observance and concentration. When we pray to God we are observing his power and concentrate on what it is we wish to reflect on. Christians pray to God to repent on certain acts that are sinful, by asking God for forgiveness one will be saved and given eternal life.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hindus believe for everything you do wrong you will be punished. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, if not in this life, then the next. The yoga discipline allows, through pure acts, thoughts and devotion, one can be reborn at a higher level. Christians, on the other hand do not believe in rebirth, but rather eternal happiness in the afterlife. Our afterlife being heaven or hell. Both religions have very distinct beliefs and are extremely opposite but their idea for prayer and meditation is similar. Both religions use the daily ritual of prayer and or meditation as an act of reflection and a process for reaching the ultimate goal of an idealShow MoreRelatedThroughout history religion has played an important role influencing various societies. Religious1800 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history religion has played an important role influencing various societies. Religious beliefs have been embedded in legal systems, social status, ec onomics, sexuality and politics in ancient and modern societies. This concept is applicable to Ancient Athens. The Greek religion consisted of various Gods and Goddesses that represented different elements of Greek life. The practice of various gods or polytheism is ta partria. The religion of Greeks differs drastically from Western formsRead MoreThe Various Religions in Africa and Religions African-Americans Preach1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Various Religions in Africa and Religions African-Americans Preach My assignment is to write about the various religions that are situated in Africa and religions African-Americans preach. There are many different religions in Africa because there are various regions and countries in Africa. Also Africa and its inhabitants have been around for many, many years. One reason that there are so many different religions. The first and most widespread religion I am going to talk about is ChristianityRead MoreIndia Is A South Asian Country Where People Hold Various Castes And Religions1640 Words   |  7 PagesIndia is a South Asian country where people hold various castes and religions. After India gained independence, the Constitution of India listed backward castes of the people as Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). The Constitution laid down 15% and 7.5% of vacancies to government aided educational institutes and for jobs in the government/public sector, as reserved quota for the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes candidates respectively for a period of five years, after which the situationRead MoreLatin American Religions Essay examples624 Words   |  3 PagesLatin American Religions University of Phoenix November 12, 2012 What are some major attributes of Latin American Catholicism? Identify and describe at least two distinctions and include how they are distinct from Catholicism elsewhere. The Central American War had changed the priorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America. In the 1980’s, the clergy’s had decided to go against the Catholic Church mainly the Vatican despite the various threats, and began to help the poor which were strugglingRead MoreReligious Beliefs And The Bible1290 Words   |  6 Pageslong as man himself, emphasizing the importance of existential meaning. These beliefs hold very important values that are often neglected by many. Almost every religion teaches the overall importance of morality, defining the need for one to protect themselves and others from the dangers that are present in the world. However, many religions have conflicting views on the ideals that are not related to morality. For example, Judaism teaches that the Messiah, or Son of God, has yet to arrive on EarthRead MoreCommon Practices in Religion Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Common Practices in Religion REL 133 Calvin Habig Keinesha Predium April 20, 2015 What is Religion? The term religion comes from the Latin word ‘religare’ which means to bind. In the world today, there are different forms of religious groups and followings that have unique beliefs and practices depending on their history. It is estimated that there are thousands of religions in the world, including the mainstream religious groups and others that are not known. One of the common characteristicsRead MoreAll About Religion and Spirituality1594 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1- What is Religion? Before deciding on the definition, I considered religion as being an â€Å"organised system of beliefs, ceremonies and rules to worship a god or a higher being†. The only phrase that I agreed with was the fact of religion being an â€Å"organised system† mainly because of the fact that there is a set way of practising the religion by, for example, praying and attending mass. In contradiction, the rest of the definition makes it seem as if religion is straight-forward on a communityRead MoreSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 PagesChoice of topic: Religion has always amused me. I have always been curious about the ways of life in a particular religion and their beliefs about God. Point of view has always been important and is supposed to be respected. I was myself involved in many of the family rituals conducted and that always amused me. I come from a family possessing a religious background. I would credit my grandparents for teaching me the Hindu way of life and for teaching to respect other religions and their beliefsRead MoreEssay about Of Miracles by David Hume936 Words   |  4 PagesOf Miracles by David Hume In David Hume?s paper ?Of Miracles,? Hume presents a various number of arguments concerning why people ought not to believe in any miracles. Hume does not think that miracles do not exist it is just that we should not believe in them because they have no rational background. One of his arguments is just by definition miracles are unbelievable. And have no rational means in believing miracles. Another argument is that most miracles tend to come from uncivilizedRead More China and Japan Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the dynasties in China and Japan, religion, economy and politics have been affected by each other in various ways. In the book â€Å"Religion and Making of Modern East Asia†, Thomas Dubois brings to light the impact religion made on both politics and economy in China and Japan throughout the historical period up till date. In his words, he describes â€Å"religion as an extremely political force† (Dubois, 2011, pp. 7-16). As various religio ns were introduced, it shaped the politics of leaders

Crucial Role Without One Communicationâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Crucial Role Without One Communication? Answer: Introduction In our day to day work Communication plays a very crucial role without communication one cannot be able to tell his/her opinions to others. The definition of communication can be like this A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, behaviors (webster, 2000). We cant just ignore the importance of communication. I personally believes that because of miscommunications every person has somewhere in there life has suffered from a loss weather small or big. Analysis Here we will study about Communication in detail . communication has different types and modals. Which we will study here. first of all I would here describe an incidence that happened to me and made me realised the importance of good communication.(Situation 1) (Psychological Barrier) I was working as CCE at a local phone care company , the client called at the hotline and it was me to whom his call was forwarded , he was very harsh with his words as he was not getting the expected services and benefits at the end of the call I told him that I will personally make sure that he gets his services on time and suddenly the call got disconnected , this further poked him as he thought I did it on purpose , so he lodged a complaint againt me to my senior. Here who was at fault ? it was neither me nor that angry customer it was because of the miscommunication and barriers between our communication that led him to take that step. There were no feedbacks from him , if he understood what I was trying to say or not. (Klimova, 2012). Communication models Communication or Miscommunication is not new to anyone, there are various models of communication namely : Shanon and Weaver model of communication , David Berlo, Schramm etc (Kutz K. , 2012). In this project we will discuss Shanon and Weaver model of business : The first ever communication model was prepared by (Shanon elwood, models of communication, 2012) in their model they included three major parts , which were : Sender , Channel and a Reciever. In this model the inventor described how the model of communication works. It starts with the sender and go through a channel to its end user i.e the reciever(Rani, 2016). In their model of communication Shanon and Weaver also described about a sound that the sender and the reciever hears and disturbs their communication they has named this static sound as noise. This model of communication gives a results in terms of feedback that his message is conveyed properly and if the reciever agrees or disagree to his thoughts (Rani U. , 2016).. This feedback lessens or totally eliminates the chances (problems like mentioned in the above paragraph Situation 1.A) of misunderstanding each other. If in (Situation 1.A) customer and the CCE had a chance for their feedbacks they could have made their communi cations successful. One can understand this model with the help of the following daigrams so it easily understandable by seeing the diagram , we know that shanon and weavers communication model worked starting from information to be conveyed then a transmitter to encode that information into the signals which is followed by selecting the channel the information will be conveyed via this channel, after receiving the message the receiver will decode that message and as soon as he reads or hears the message he will send his feedback to the sender in order to confirm his (receiver) thoughts on it (Nancy, 2000). This feedback plays an important role as it will eliminates the chances of any misunderstanding between the sender and the receiver. As communication models are present, likewise there are many barriers to effective communication .These barriers effects the communication in a negative manner (Hogan, 2006). Few of these barriers which were given by (Henry .K, 2000) are mentioned below : Physiological Barrier ( Speech disorders , Memory ) Syntactical Barrier ( Denotative , Connotative ) Organizational Barrier( Complexed Structure , Rules Policies ) Cultural Barrier (Languages ) Psychological Barrier ( Emotions , viewpoints ) In situation 1.A the mentioned situation falls under the psychological barrier because the customer who was talking to CCE was really angry , he failed to control his emotions , which ultimately resulted in poor communication. Strategies to overcome barriers As there are so many barriers to an effective communication, there are strategies too, to overcome these barriers. The information sent by the sender should have a clear point of view and a sound idea about what he is wants to transmit to his audience. Secondly the language used to transmit the information should be very easy to understand, it should not be so difficult that the receiver gets confused that what the senders wants to convey through his message. Another strategy could be a good listener the sender and the receiver must be good listeners in order to make the communication successful and fruitful, this strategy was given by (Henry .K, 2000). Last but not the least a proper feedback should be taken in order to complete and make the communication successful, a feedback helps a lot, it tells the sender about the quality of his message conveyed, so that if anything lacks from his end, he will take care of it for the next time.(kaneru, 2008) Conclusion By observing all the facts and the material studied, a detailed conclusion is written here, in order for having a successful barrier free communication , a sender must follow a proper structure that starts from the very first moment when he thinks of an idea to be shared with others. From here onwards he has to properly go through a systematic approach as shown in the diagram 1.A. There are number of barriers in the process of communication but each and every barrier can be tackled or can be eliminated completely by following the strategies given (elwood, 2012)or (Henry .K, 2000). References Henry .K, R. (2000). Barriers to effective communication. Hogan, K. (2006). Eight Barriers to Communication and how to Overcome Them. New York: Springer. Kaneru. (2008). Professional Communication - Page 22. London. Klimova, B. (2012). Barriers to communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 207-211. Kutz, K. (2012). Barriers to Cross Cultural Communication. New York. Nancy, F. (2000, June). Barriers to Every Day Communication. Retrieved August 8, 2017, from mediate.com: https://www.mediate.com/articles/foster.cfm Rani, U. (2016). COMMUNICATION BARRIERS. National conference on communication skills . Shanon, W. w., elwood, c. (2012). models of communication. webster, m. (2000). dictionary 1823. In m. webster. MW.

The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essay The beginnings of community attention day of the month back the Griffiths Report in 1988, peculiar Community Care: Agenda for Action and the authorities White Paper Caring for People. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) The documents emphasised pick, independency and involvement service users and carers. A series of switching schemes and precedences developed such as ; move from institutionalisation to advance independent life within community, from service led to demands led proviso. ( Petch ; 2008 ) In 1990, the NHS and Community Care Act ( NHS A ; CCA1990 ) was introduced that draws attending to the term attention in the community which for many service suppliers opened door to market of services, taking to denationalization and managerialism. ( Ferguson A ; Woodward ; 2009 ) Although community attention was introduced by the NHS A ; CCA1990, this operated in Scotland to amend the Social Work ( Scotland ) Act 1968 ( SW ( S ) A1968 ) . The add-on of subdivision S12 ( a ) into the SW ( S ) A196 8 created a responsibility to measure the demands of the person who may necessitate services. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Potentially the statutory statute law that could be used in the instance of Mrs. Sheerer are ; Mental Health ( Care and Treatment ) ( Scotland ) Act 2003, ( MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003 ) , Adults with Incapacity Act 2000 ( AWI ( S ) A2000 ) , mentioned above SW ( S ) A1968 amended under subdivision 13 ( za ) and Adult Support and Protection ( Scotland ) Act 2007 ( ASP ( S ) A2007 ) . ( Mackay ; 2008 ) It seems to be really improbable to utilize MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003 because there are no clear grounds that Mrs. Sheerer suffer a mental upset, defines as ; a mental unwellness, personality upset or acquisition disablement which is caused or manifested S328 ( 1 ) of MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003. She besides based on information provided, does non look to set herself or others on important hazard and her determination devising is non evidently impaired. It is deserving observing that the act is really controversial due to impact of stigma, coercion and breaching of human rights. The AWI ( S ) A2000 could be used on the evidences that Mrs. Sheerer is deemed to miss capacity to do determination in relation to her hereafter attention demands, S1 ( 6 ) of AWI ( S ) A2000 states incapable means incapable of doing determination and this seems to be relevant to the instance. It is of import to observe based on statute law that if Mrs. Sheerer is unable to do determination in some countries, she is likely to take determinations in others. In Scots jurisprudence, there must be clear grounds that a individual deficiency of capacity before any action will be permitted. ( Scots Government ; 2008 ) However, in England and Wales the same regulation is statutory, the grownup must be assumed to hold capacity unless proven otherwise as stated in S1 of Mental Capacity Act 2005 ( MCA2005 ) . It may be questioned if Mrs. Sheerer really deficiency of capacity, based on individual SMART trial in hospital status. Hospital could worsen confusion, as a consequence of strangeness, deficiency of slumber, medicine or hurting. When step ining in Mrs. Sheerer live, the rules defines in S1 of AWI ( S ) A2000 must be taken into history such as ; intercession will profit the grownup and will be least restrictive option in relation to the freedom of Mrs Sheerer. Account shall be taken of the present and past wants and feeling of service user and the positions of other relevant people. It is deserving observing that rule three merely requires positions are taken into history but it does non intend they are given consequence to. The principle four of the AWI ( S ) A2000, to advance the engagement in determination devising, is somewhat different in England and Wales, where determinations being taken in the best involvement of and grownups harmonizing to S1 ( 5 ) of MCA2005. It is of import to look into if Mrs. Sheerer did non take advantage of the options such as ; negotiorum gestio, which allow the authorized individual to move on the behalf of an incapable grownup, la wyers or defenders to take determination on behalf of an grownup. An lawyer is appointed by the individual before doomed of capacity, at the presence of the canvasser whereas, a defender is appointed by the sheriff tribunal. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) Application for a care order when Mrs. Sheerer is in hospital ready to dispatch, could do unneeded procedure known as delayed discharge codification 51X. ( Scots Government, 2010 ) The holds in care order could be caused, by troubles in obtaining legal assistance by relations. If societal worker felt the hold in discharge consequence in negative effects for Mrs. Sheerer, it would be considered taking over the guardianship application. To use a guardian Mrs. Sheerer harmonizing to S57 of AWI ( S ) A2000 must be incapable and it must be likely that incapacity will go on. Therefore, the application for the defender could be irrelevant in a state of affairs of Mrs. Sheerer because there are no groundss of continuity of incapacity and the current p rovince can merely be impermanent. If Mrs. Sheerer was non able to do determination, merely for a short period of clip, sing her public assistance or finance, where determination had to be made rapidly, a societal worker of behalf of local authorization has responsibility to use for an intercession order under S53 of AWI ( S ) A2000. Potentially AWI ( S ) A2000 could be used to imposed attention at place or residential attention to Mrs. Sheerer. Assuming that Mrs. Sheerer does non hold appointees and deficiency of capacity to do determination about future attention demands, it would has to be considered if the application for an order under the AWI ( S ) A2000 is necessary or instead use the power of the SW ( S ) A1968 amended under subdivision 13 ( za ) . This subdivision, give societal worker a power to supply community attention services that has been assessed as needed to Mrs. Sheerer due to incapableness to accept having such services. In conformity with S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) A1968 Mrs. Sheerer could be move to care place or hold with proposed attention intercession. Before utilizing any of those two Acts of the Apostless, the issues to discourse are ; acceptance of rules, want of autonomy, appraisal of demands and hazard every bit good as fiscal agreements. The last but non least legal option to see is ASP ( S ) A2007, the act refers to the jurisprudence that concerns non lone protection but supplying support to advance independency and public assistance of service user. Mrs. Sheerer meets two status of the act to be applied such as ; she is at hazard and may necessitate protection of wellbeing, due to her deficiency of capacity, hapless nutrition every bit good as hazard of falls. The ASP ( S ) A2007 gives societal worker working on behalf of local authorization responsibility to look into and measure Mrs. Sheerer. Most of appraisals are undertaken on a voluntary footing but the act gives power to measure without consent of service user and is known as the first of three protection orders. ( Mackay: 2008a ) The act besides established a responsibility to collaborate between bureaus and creates multi-disciplinary Adults Protection Committees to implement, proctor and back up the work. One could imagine that the usage of ASP ( S ) A2007 seems to be the most appropriate option because is the less restrictive harmonizing to Mackay ( 2008 ) pyramid of statutory intercession. What is more, the act itself does non stigmatize, the least breach human right or freedom. It will give societal worker clip to acquire know and construct better relationship with Mrs. Sheers. Consequently, it will ensue in holding more information and better image of state of affairs. When utilizing ASP ( S ) A2007 one assume Mrs. Sheerer s state of affairs could be caused by sing some troubles in her life or even suffer hurt such as mourning, lost or maltreatment. The intercession in Mrs. Sheerer live will depend on many factors to be discussed ; service user s sentiment, adaptability of house to current demands, the status of house and handiness, sentiments of other professional and relations. One might anticipate that Mrs Sheerer, irrespective of age but due to femur break will necessitate int ense place attention services or version of the house such as ; raised lavatory place, grab or lifting grips, community dismay, infirmary bed or others. The application of the above will be possible under S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) 1968 imagining that Mrs. Sheerer expresses consent to such services to be provided. Social worker has responsibility to measure the demands of Mrs. Sheerer under ASP ( S ) 2007 but the consent to supply services is needed to utilize S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) A1968. Otherwise, societal worker could take action under AWIA ( S ) 2000. The rules of these Acts of the Apostless required to take the position of Mrs. Sheerer and carers if involved, into history when make up ones minding what services to supply, this is besides in conformity with Community Care and Health ( Scotland ) Act 2002 ( CC A ; H ( S ) A2002 ) amended under S12 ( a ) of the SW ( S ) A1968. It is deserving indicating out that Mrs. Sheerer was nutritionally compromise but had home attention servic es and limited household intercession. This raises the inquiries of why it was non noticed, how adequate is the consequence of SMART trial in infirmary conditions and how this had affected Mrs. Sheerer. There are a batch of guesss and factors to see but taking into history the limited information that were given and presuming societal worker investigates this instance for the first clip, it seems be discriminatory to utilize other statute law. One must retrieve that legislative context of intercession, chiefly, is driven by the relationship between societal worker and service user, which is a nucleus component to success intercession in societal work. It is an of import beginning of information to understand the world behind the state of affairs and how best to assist. Wilson et Al. ( 2008: p.7 ) mentioning to relationship-based pattern called it the medium through which societal worker can prosecute with and step in in the complexness of internal and external universe of service user. This portion of the essay examines duties, rights and function of people involved. The statute law gives the societal worker moving on behalf of local authorization a general duty to advance good being, to understate the consequence of intercession and give an grownup the chance to take as normal live as possible. Local authorization is responsible for measuring demands for community attention services, set uping and supplying these services every bit good as cooperation with other professionals such as ; occupational healer, lodging officers, GPs. This is harmonizing to the integrating docket between wellness and societal attention services. ( Age Scotland, 2011 ) Social worker has statutory responsibilities underpinned non merely by the jurisprudence but besides professional codifications and values. Expectation of societal work profession is presented in codification of moralss issued by British Association of Social Workers ( BASW ) and codification of pattern represented by Scots Social Services Council ( SSSC ) . Social work values grew on the thought of regard for the equality, worth and self-respect of all people. Human rights and societal justness are at the bosom of societal work intercession. The five rules indicates by BASW ( 2012 ) sing human rights are ; to advance and esteem good being, support people to do ain picks and determinations, promote engagement, engagement and authorization of people utilizing services, handling each individual as a whole to recognize all facets of service user s life, placing and developing strengths. While, codification of pattern ( SSSC ; 2007 ) requires ; to protect the right and advance the involv ement of service user, maintain the trust and assurance, promote independency while protecting from injury and danger, respect the rights of service user. The Scots Parliament and public governments are required to continue the European Convention of Human Rights, incorporated into the UK jurisprudence through Human Rights Act 1998. ( Johns ; 2008 ) It can be in some instances that the jurisprudence can transgress human rights. Therefore, in relation to Mrs. Sheerer societal worker most of all has to esteem, Mrs. Sheerer s right to liberty and security, the article five established three conditions to be met before it will be breached such as certified mental upset within important grade and doggedness. Article eight provinces that Mrs. Sheerer has the right to privateness, household life, place and correspondence. ( Johns, 2008 ) She besides has the right to entree a canvasser or protagonism included under S6 of ASP ( S ) A2007. The function of societal worker will be to guarantee Mrs. Sheerer understand legal procedures and if she is cognizant of her rights. The statute law model is complex, accordingly ; information given must do sense and be apprehensible for service user, the function of societal worker is to take clip to explicate and reply inquiries. Social worker must utilize appropriate and effectual method of communicating and accomplishments to understand and to be understood. The purpose is to back up Mrs. Sheerer to do informed picks every bit far as possible. Social worker must guarantee that Mrs. Sheerer s positions are heard and she understands a state of affairs. There are six core functions of societal worker such as ; instance worker, advocator, spouse, assessor of hazard and demands, attention trough, agent of societal control. The above functions are affected by alterations in wider societal context, public assistance policy and political orientation like for illustration demographic alte rations, communications engineerings, consumerism etc. ( Scots Government ; 2005 ) Social worker function is to work together with Mrs. Sheerer to help her to turn to personal issues, supply information and protagonism. Supply services to run into the demands of service user and non to seek to repair Mrs. Sheerer to services available. This portion of the essay efforts to demo the chances of anti-discrimination, engagement and authorization in societal work. Social worker is obligated by jurisprudence, values and moralss to back up and work with service user in anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory manner. Knowledge and apprehension of professional codifications such as ; BASW and SSSC is important in being cognizant of anti-discriminatory pattern in societal work by specifying rights and duties. The anti-discriminatory tendencies in societal work values and pattern are profoundly rooted in extremist societal work that aims to work towards a society based on equality, justness and engagement. Harmonizing to the axiom popularised by Marx from each harmonizing to his ability, to each harmonizing to his demands. ( Doel ; 2012, p. 27 ) Social justness is still a basic value in societal work pattern. Dalrymple and Burke ( 2006 ) refer to emancipator issues that driven modern-day societal work such as societal justne ss, authorization, partnership and minimum intercession. Participation is a cardinal component in the development of anti-discriminatory pattern. Wilson ( 2008 ) refers to engagement of service user in societal work pattern based on partnership and authorization. The term partnership is used to mention to pattern, based on working with service users, towards together agreed ends, instead than making things for them. ( Thomson, 2011 ) Dalrymple and Burke ( 2006 ) defined partnership as procedure of information sharing and engagement in decision-making. Taking the above into history societal worker have to affect Mrs. Sheerer in the procedure of determination devising and intercession such as specifying demands, make up ones mind how best to assist, implementing, holding and measuring. Authorization is non merely a affair of easing or enabling. It besides involves taking history of the disadvantage and subjugation that are so characteristic of the service user twenty-four hours to twe nty-four hours experiences. ( Thompson, 2008 ) Work in anti-discriminatory manner means to see Mrs. Sheerer within her broad societal context include environmental, social and cultural factors such as race, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, disablement and so on. The last subdivision of the essay assesses societal policy that inform legislative context of this instance. It is seems to be clear that societal worker demands to work in integrating with other professionals within all facets of appraisal and intercession procedure. The statute law defines duties in societal work but societal policies outline a program of action, a set of regulations that guide pattern. The first important policy in footings of advancing partnership working across wellness, lodging and societal attention is Joint Future 2000. This is a alone partnership between the Scottish Executive, the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities ( CoSLA ) and NHS Scotland that focus on to better joint working through funding articulation services, direction and resources. A cardinal constituent of Joint Future has been development of Single Shared Assessment ( SSA ) that aims to shorten and better flow of information between professionals and bureaus, avoid duplicate, provide faster entree to back up with less bureaucratism. ( Age Scotland, 2012 ) The policy Changing Lifes 2006 has concerned on anti-discrimination, to make non look at service user in the context of exposure but to concentrate on strength and edifice true relationship. The purpose set out through study were advancing engagement ; taking a whole-person attack ; understanding each person in the context of household and community. ( Scots Government ; 2006 ) The another policy that seems to be of import in relation to scenario, with the premise of that Mrs Sheerer is an older individual because the policy aims chiefly to older people, is All our Future. It supports older people to remain at place every bit long as possible by supplying free personal attention, telecare development programme, attention and fix, travel strategy ; free coach travel etc.. ( Scots Executive ; 2007 ) It is notable that Mrs. Sheerer may be entitled to liberate personal attention that was introduced by the Sutherland study and statutory implemented through the CC A ; H ( S ) A2002. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) In Scotland every individual over 60 old ages is entitled to liberate personal attention in other instances it will depend on demands, precedence and classs of hazard. The policy Reshaping Care for Older Peoples ( SCSWIS ; 2011 ) focuses on the 3R s rehabilitation, re-ablement and recovery to optimize the independency of people at place. The reablement is a new s ervice, ab initio aims at people coming out of infirmary. In Glasgow it is a partnership between Social Work Services, Cordia, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. If Mrs. Sheerer lives in the country, she will be provided with services up to six hebdomads, the reablement aims to construct assurance by assisting to recover the accomplishments to make what Mrs. Sheerer can and desire to make for herself at place. ( Glasgow City Council: 2011 ) Recent audience on integrating docket, set out proposal to inform and alter the manner that the NHS and Local Authorities work together and in partnership with the 3rd and independent sectors. This includes incorporate budget and joint answerability. The proposal extends the services proviso to all grownups and non merely older people, so the guesss sing the age of Mrs. Sheerer would non be needed. The Integration of Adult Health and Social Care Bill will convey forward statute law to make Health and Social Care Partnerships, which will replace Community Health Partnerships and will be the joint and equal duty of Health Boards and Local Authorities. ( Scots Government ; 2012 ) Ineffective partnership between wellness and societal services is a existent quandary of modern-day societal work pattern. On the one manus, the job is finance and the ageless inquiry ; who are traveling to pay for services? On the other, the issue of happening appropriate resources that will run into the deman ds of Mrs. Sheerer, both procedures are clip devouring. Consequently, Mrs. Sheerer can be detained in infirmary thirster that necessary that can impact her emotional and physical status, which normally will deteriorate. Other issues are ; blocked bed and retained the flow of a new patient. One strongly believe that new integrating docket of wellness and societal attention such as one budget and amalgamate partnership will do a difference in new societal services. The new societal policies and statute law present a broad scope of possible options and picks such as ; personalised services and autonomous support. It this hebdomad authorities has been discoursing the Social Care ( Autonomous Support ) ( Scotland ) Bill ( SDS Bill ) that has been passed phase three on 28th of November 2012. ( Scots Parliament, 2012 ) What that means for societal work today is a displacement from service led to outcome led proviso, The Talking Points: Personal Outcomes Approach promoted by the Joint Impro vement Team will alter the procedure of appraisal of demands that now will be more focal point on marks. Based on SDS Bill societal worker will hold a responsibility to offer ; direct payment to Mrs. Sheerer in order that she will set up her support ; can do agreement for services that have been chosen by Mrs. Sheerer or can choose appropriate support and do agreement. ( IRISS ; 2012 ) One could earnestly oppugn if Mrs. Sheerer will hold accomplishments and cognition to pull off these assortment of options such as ; possibility to use ain carers or purchase ain services, if she have non done earlier. It seems to be clear that the function of societal worker will hold alteration signifier procedural attention direction towards support and securities firm. To sum up, modern-day societal work pattern floating off from paternalism to seeing service users as experts of ain life an illustration of this is work in partnerships, service user engagement or SDS. There is no uncertainty that relationship between societal worker and Mrs. Sheer is a key in the procedure of intercession. It is important to speak to and listen to serve user. The more clip spend, the more societal worker will understand Mrs. Sheerer within wider societal context. One must retrieve that when step ining in person s life taking no action is an action, otherwise the option of minimum intercession or less restrictive option must be put in topographic point.

It Is Certainly True That People Work B Essays

It Is Certainly True That People Work B Essays It Is Certainly True That People Work B Essay It Is Certainly True That People Work B Essay It is certainly true that people work because It Is evident that only money can buy bread and butter. Apart from earning livelihood, majority of people work to Increase their standard of living. But there are a lot of people who are either rich due to the wealth received from their ancestors or they become affluent by earning during their lifetime yet, they continue to work. Having Job has always been of paramount importance to a plethora of human beings all over the world throughout history. There is an argument among different people bout whether choosing parents Job is an apt method to have successful Job, or there would be some other appropriate Jobs to pursue. We all live in an artificial world where everyone is running for money. We feel that money is very important part in our life. People do work to earn money, but Is that only reason that one works. There are also some other underlying cause which play a key role for one to work. First let us try to find what are other things apart money which keeps others engaged In work. There may be different priority for different people In life and thus they expect different things from their work. Overall everyone needs a satisfaction from their job, and this satisfaction does not come merely by money. People look for work after completing school. We need money to support our lives when we grow up and live independently. But we do not work only to make money. There are two reasons why people want to work. People work in order that we can pursue our dreams. For example, people who have a dream of being a soccer player make their dream come true by working as a professional player. Money Is Important to lead life but It Is not everything. In my opinion there are many other important reasons to work other than money. Satisfaction of the worker, social prestige and respect, stress free job are some other important reasons for people to work. In fact, when you ask people why they work, a lot of them will say they are only in it for money. When you work for money, you can be financially independent, and have some control over your life. Sometimes money truly is the only reason a person work . But most people have more substantial and important reasons for working . R example, they like to spend their days doing something they are good at . They like being productive. Other people need their skills ,and they feel obliged to supply them -what If you didnt work and you had every day to yourself,you could choose to go to the ,go to the movies ,go shopping ,read books, vaults friends ,visit places of interest go out for meals play sport . These are wonderful ,but you wo uld need at last some money to 00 most AT tense things. Ana IT you nave money relaxing and doing what you please is a great for holiday, but after a while the leisure will decrease and you will feel aimless and bored. In the modern society, almost every citizen has to work, there are always traffic Jams during the rush hour. Some people work at a company, as a manager or as a employee. Some people open their own shop and run business; others may work for people, such as sellers, teacher, or doctor. I think that everyone must have their unique reason for working. Most of the people must work because they have a family to support and their earning may only can meet the ends so they might work even reader to try to get a raise in the salary or even do part-time Jobs. People work, because they need money, have expenses and necessity to sustain themselves. Let looks that way on a first site and may be it is true for some people,but for me the reasons for one to work are many and various. Man is a social creature,he needs a social media to live a normal live and feel comfortable and the working place is such an environment where people could find social contacts and be the part of a team. Working give them a comfort of somebody who is feeling useful because he is creating something every day of his live.

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French The French verb  attacher  means to attach, fasten, bind, or tie up. French students will be happy to know that it is rather easy to conjugate this verb. A quick lesson is all you should need. Conjugating the French Verb  Attacher Verb conjugations in French are a bit more of a challenge than in English. Rather than adding simple -ed or -ing endings to a verb, the French language uses many different endings that you will need to memorize. Attacher  is a  regular -ER verb. This means that it follows the standard changes to the ending as you move from subject and tense.   The chart will help you memorize the conjugations. Simply match the subject pronoun to the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For example, I attach is jattache and we will attach is nous attacherons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j attache attacherai attachais tu attaches attacheras attachais il attache attachera attachait nous attachons attacherons attachions vous attachez attacherez attachiez ils attachent attacheront attachaient Attachers Present Participle The  present participle  for attacher is formed by dropping the -er  and adding -ant  to form attachant. Not only does this act as a verb, but you can use it as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. The Passà © Composà © of  Attacher The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense in French. For  attacher, you will combine the appropriate conjugate of the  auxiliary verb  avoir  with the  past participle  attachà ©. As an example, to say I attached, you will use jai attachà ©. As the subject changes, only the subject pronoun and  avoir  conjugate will change: we tied up becomes nous avons attachà ©. More Conjugations of  Attacher When youre just starting out, concentrate on learning the present, future, and passà © composà © of  attacher. As you speak and read more French, you may find other forms to be useful as well. The subjunctive and conditional forms are verb moods and imply a certain level of uncertainty or ambiguity in the action. If youre reading or writing formal French, you may also encounter or use the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j attache attacherais attachai attachasse tu attaches attacherais attachas attachasse il attache attacherait attacha attacht nous attachions attacherions attachmes attachassions vous attachiez attacheriez attachtes attachassiez ils attachent attacheraient attachrent attachassent The imperative form of  attacher  will be useful when its used in short, direct requests or demands. For this form, theres no need to use the subject pronoun and you can simply say  attachons  rather than tu attachons. Imperative (tu) attache (nous) attachons (vous) attachez

Whats Holding Back Small Businesses Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whats Holding Back Small Businesses - Article Example The hardest hit is small businesses due to the small capital base as they are not able to invest in big research projects to propel the business entity forward and continue to maintain their market share or better still increase the market share (Shleifer, 2004). The major challenge according to the article is not related to overregulation or taxation but low demand for business products. Over thirty percent of American small businesses attributed their underperformance mainly to poor sales. However, the research carried out by the National Federation of Independent Business also attributed the underperformance to competition from large businesses, financing and interest rates, insurance cost and availability, red tape, government requirements, cost of labor and quality of labor among others. All these factors are mostly attributed to the global inflation facing the world economy. The debate in the recent past on how to improve growth of small businesses and encouraging hiring has concentrated on transforming the tax picture to be more business-friendly. However, from the research, small businesses attribute underperformance to other factors other than taxes. Only a small percentage, about 17-22%, of the businesses attribute underperformance to the amount of taxes paid to the government. Though the government has imposed hefty taxes on the businesses, the amount paid to the authority as tax has little impacts on the performance of the businesses. Businesses are just tax collection agencies to the government as the amount of money collected from the client is that which is paid as tax. Businesses transfer the tax burden to their clients and thus businesses do not pay taxes but collect tax from their clients on behalf of and later submit their collections to the government. The other factor holding down small businesses is the accessibility of loans to stimulate growth in operations.

ECO-FRIENDLY KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT Dissertation

ECO-FRIENDLY KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT - Dissertation Example This paper will adopt the conceptual model approach, framed by Yin (1989) in his research article. According to Yin (1989) conceptual models are necessary while conducting research work, especially in the context of framing a well-defined information and subsequent discussion and analysis. Quite often used when two phenomena are being compared and contrasted (in this case comparing and contrasting two procurement organizations, A and B), this approach requires that the researcher frame and organize the data into a modular format. This paper is in line with Yin’s theory of the resultant conceptual model, which though formulated primarily primary data, also allows for the mapping of a phenomenon and its subsequent theoretical analysis. In other words, this approach allows for the explanation of facts through theoretical analysis; the expansion of knowledge through the clarification of the relation between reality and theory; and most importantly, is ideally appropriate for a com parative analysis of two organizations (Yin, 1989). The nature and concerns of the current research have led to the determination of the imperatives of extensively exploiting the conceptual model approach. The research focuses on the critical analysis of two organizations, from the data collected during primary research. Organization A, a public sector entity, is a Public Procurement Organization; while Organization B, also a Public Procurement Organization belongs to a different Department. Primary data from both the organizations were collected through the process of extensive interviewing. 4.5.1 Qualitative Sampling When selecting samples for qualitative survey, a different set of priorities must be taken into consideration. Each conducted qualitative survey is almost similar to an individual scientific research. Here the sample size is not important, rather the set up of observable patterns in the data, is. According to Patton (1987), â€Å"The sample should be large enough to be credible, given the purpose of evaluation, but small enough to permit adequate depth and detail for each case or unit in the sample†. Qualitative samples tend to be studied in nature, rather than being random (Crabtree and Miller, 1999). Studied sampling, or criterion?based selection (Miles and Huberman, 1994) bases the selection of research and participants on certain specific features and characteristics that will enable the researcher to gather in?depth information on areas important for that particular research. This type of studied sampling is therefore strategic in nature (Crabtree and Miller, 1999), with scope for easy access to explore a situation and the participants, having only secondary importance. Typical case sampling, a particular type of purposive sampling, observed mainly in cases that are representative of a larger group selected for a detailed analysis, is relevant to the present study (Patton, 1987). Since qualitative research does not emphasize on stati stical data interpretation, there is no compulsion that samples must be of a sufficient scale for a researcher to arrive at a conclusion (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000). Sample sizes must be kept credibly small, in order to do justice to the rich evidence provided by the qualitative studies and to make best use of the resources available for intensive research analysis (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003). Within the context of the present study, sample size was primarily

Advice on feeding children for parents with concerns about their own eating Essay Example for Free

Advice on feeding children for parents with concerns about their own eating Essay Many parents have concerns about their own eating and worry about the impact that this may have on feeding their children and on their children’s healthy development. What follows below is some advice about how best to manage feeding children for parents or caregivers with their own concerns about eating. A role model for children1 ? Children copy the behaviours of others. Your children will pick up eating behaviours exhibited by parents, siblings, other family members and friends so try to be a positive role model for your child by eating and enjoying regular meals with them if possible. Give children child-sized portions ? For parents who are limiting their own calorie intake or portion size, they may lose sight of what is an appropriate portion for their growing child. It is important to give children suitable portions, rather than those that are too large or too small. Guidance on portion size can be found here: http://www. nhs. uk/change4life/Documents/pdf/Step_By_Step_Me_Size_Meals. pdf or here: http://www. nhs. uk/change4life/pages/kids-portion-size-tips. aspx.? As a general rule, a portion of fruit or vegetables is the same size as a person’s palm. So, a child-size portion of peas on a dinner plate should be the same size as your child’s palm. Offer a healthy, balanced diet ? Children and adults need a nutritious, balanced diet for optimal development and health. Try to ensure that you are giving your children meals that include: fruit and vegetables; starchy foods (e. g. , rice, pasta, bread, potatoes); meat, fish, eggs and beans; milk and dairy foods; and moderate amounts of food containing fat and sugar (see here: http://www.nhs.k/Livewell/Goodfood/Documents/Eatwellplate. pdf). ? Don’t cut food groups out of your child’s diet (unless they have an allergy / intolerance) and do try to offer a variety of foods across mealtimes. ? Ensure that children have three meals a day, as well as healthy snacks. Research suggests that breakfast is particularly important for school children as it provides them with energy required for the day. Listen to your child ? Children are good regulators of their own levels of hunger and fullness. They will tell you when they are hungry and full. If they are often still hungry 20 minutes after finishing their meal, it may be that the portion size is too small for them. Try not to be too controlling2-5 ? Parents may feel that their child needs to eat all the food on their plate in order to be healthy. Avoid pressuring or forcing your child to eat more than he/she wishes. Pressuring children to eat food can result in the food becoming less liked and children eating less of that food. If your child tells you he/she is full, they probably are. ? Try not to overly restrict your child’s access to (unhealthy) foods. Limiting children’s intake of foods can unintentionally make these foods seem more desirable and children may then eat more of these foods if given free access to them (e. g. , at parties). ? Everything in moderation. Keeping track of what your child eats is good parenting and ensuring that your child eats a balanced diet is encouraged. However, it is important to offer your child a balance of foods from all the food groups to ensure healthy growth and development. Above all remember that food is a fuel. Your child requires a healthy, balanced diet and regular meals and snacks in order to grow and remain healthy.

The Puritans: Fanatic or not? :: essays paper

The Puritans: Fanatic or not? A religious fanatic is someone who takes his or her religion to the extreme, letting it control everything in his or her day to day life. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay colony are a prime example of this extremist view of religion. They had com plete religion based lives including the laws that they wrote, the way they treated outspoken women, and the way they treated people of other religions. The Puritans, for the most part, were good people, they just went way too far when it came to their r eligious beliefs. In the late 16 hundreds, the Puritans wrote their laws according to what the Bible states in the Old Testament, and to what they thought should also be a sin against God. These laws made some very petty and insignificant things illegal; such as worshipp ing a God other than the Lord God, cursing the name of God, a child over 16 cursing his parents, and being stubborn or rebellious against one's own parents. The punishment for all of the afore mentioned laws and for many others was death. Even interpr eting a preacher's sermon in a different way was enough to get in trouble with the law. And for one woman it did. The mix of being a woman and committing an act against the church was even worse. Anne Hutchinson was a woman in the Puritan society with her own religious views. Ones that she shared with a select group of people in the community when she held small meetings at her home to reevaluate and reinterpret what the preacher had said in his sermon. For this she got arrested, put on trial in a severe cross-examination, and was finally banished from the community. In this day and age, sharing of religious vi ews, even from a woman, wouldn't even be thought of as bad, much less a serious crime. But to the Puritans, having different views of God's word was enough to have a person put to death. Even if they were from a different community all-together. The peace-loving Quakers lived in Massachusetts along side the Puritans, but did not believe in the same things as them. The Puritan community saw this as a demonic act and believed them to be "under the strong delusion of Satan." Serious injustices we re done to them, and most of the time it was to innocent people. People were kept days without food, women were stripped stark naked, one lay neck and heels in irons for

United Way

The beginning of United Way was in 1887 by a Denver woman, a priest, two ministers, and a rabbi because of these individuals recognizing the need for cooperative action to address their city’s welfare problems (â€Å"United Way†, 2012). As the years went by the organization was starting to become much larger than anyone could imagine.Today United Way is a non-profit organization that helps individuals and families within the United States and international helping to improve education, promote healthy lives, and help individuals to achieve financial stability (â€Å"United Way†, 2012). The United Way organization is beneficial and truly a must in the areas that it services and Team C will outline how important United Way is to building culture and the community. Organizational StructureA structure depends entirely on the organizations objective and the strategy the organizations are trying to achieve. The organizational structure determines the manner and extent to which roles, power, responsibilities the organization delegates, control, and coordinates, and how information flows between levels of management (â€Å"Businessdictionary. com†, 2012). One would consider United Way to have a matrix structure. This structure consists of both functional and divisional structures. Functional structure is set up by grouping the organization according to purpose.The divisional structure is a large organization that operates in a wide geographic area or can have smaller organizations to cover different type service areas. The United Way organizational structure consists of many layers of management and employees who will execute numerous functions. As a result, United Way will have board of directors that can include eight or more individuals. The board of directors consists of two presidents one who is the chief executive officer, and the other is the president of United Way U.S. A. , three different vice presidents, three executive vice presi dents, four senior vice presidents, and four chief employees. The top of United Way chain will be the chief executive officer who manages the organization. Under the chief executive officer are the vice president, department managers, and employees. The structure of United Way gives the organization clear guidelines for how the organization should proceed. The members will bind together giving meaning and identity to the people and the group.

Impacts of Total Productive Maintenance Essay

But there are some companies who have failed to gain advantage and some who are skeptic about its implementation. This leads us to know more about how TPM impacts different components of different organizations. This article focuses on some components such as overall effectiveness and cultural impacts of TPM on an organization. It concludes in building and maintaining a supportive culture and how overall effective helps in gaining a competitive edge over a long period of time. Any organization want to chase in world class competition must give customer satisfaction by providing reliable product or service on time at lower prize then others. One of the premises is that good maintenance and plant engineering process gives fundamental success in manufacturing (Hanson, 1995; Madu 2000). So the organization must reduce the unnecessary cost of time and material by reducing maintenance cost. And to reduce the maintenance cost is one of the reason to develop manufacturing technology like TPM (total productive maintenance). TPM is introduced by Seiici Nakajima in late 1970s in Japan, which made major influence over the economic progress of Japanese manufacturers (Willmott, 1994). TPM is basically a program to improve maintenance effectiveness of equipment throughout its life in the organization by the participation and motivation of all workforces from top management to the line employee from all department of an organization (Nakajima, 1988). The main goal of TPM to achieve maximum productivity with only limited investment in maintenance. This goal can be achieve by increase the overall equipment effectiveness(OEE) by reducing the losses, by improving existing maintenance system, by implementing autonomous maintenance and by increase a skill and motivation of operators from individual and group development (Willmott, 1994). And also by proper maintenance of equipment and facilities for best performance in order to reduce their life cycle cost. One of the properties of TPM is that production operators assist to repair the equipments when it is down and thus they share their effort in preventive maintenance and in turns improvement in process (Jostes & Helms. 994) In this term paper we focus on impacts of TPM. Many companies such Steelcase, Tennessee Eastman(Garwood, 1990), Nissan(Suzuki, 1993) adopted TPM are satisfied with the technique and find significant reduction in break down labor rates, lost of production, setup cost and cost per maintenance unit(Koelsch, 1993). TPM helps to planned and controlled the maintenan ce expanse(Adair-Heely, 1989) and reduction in maintenance force. For example a person who pays for preventive works are no more needed after implementing TPM, because TPM terns all activities of PM works to production forces. TPM gives opportunity to all individuals to express idea to improve the process and become a more familiar with tools and techniques to solve the problems and this effect directly to the capability of organization. TPM also helps to maintain consistency in quality of the product as well as reliability of product, the things that expect from the customer which interns helps to satisfy the customer. The basic aims of TPM is to double productivity and eliminate the loses, to create bright, clean and pleasant factory, to empower people and facilities and, through them, the organization itself (Wireman, 1991).

Learn to Conjugate the French Verb Tuer (to Kill)

Learn to Conjugate the French Verb Tuer (to Kill) When you want to say killing or killed in French, youll use the verb  tuer. To get it into the present or past tense, however, you will also need to know its conjugations. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential forms of  tuer  that youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Tuer As with all French verb conjugations, you will have quite a few words to memorize for tuer. It is a regular -er verb, though, so if youve studied similar words, you can apply the same endings here. The key to any conjugation is to begin with the verb stem (or radical). For  tuer, this is  tu-. From there, simply match the subject pronoun with the tense thats appropriate for your sentence. As an example,  je tue  means I am killing and  nous tuerons  means we will kill. Present Future Imperfect je tue tuerai tuais tu tues tueras tuais il tue tuera tuait nous tuons tuerons tuions vous tuez tuerez tuiez ils tuent tueront tuaient The Present Participle of  Tuer When you add -ant  to the stem of  tuer, the  present participle  is formed. The result is  tuant, which can be an adjective or noun as well as a verb. Tuer  in the Compound Past Tense Another simple conjugation and alternative to the imperfect is the  passà © composà ©. This is a compound past tense, but its relatively easy to construct once you know the rules. To begin,  conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir  to the subjects present tense. Then attach the  past participle  tuà ©, which indicates that something has already been killed. The result is, for example,  jai tuà ©Ã‚  for I killed and  nous avons tuà ©Ã‚  for we killed. More Simple Conjugations of  Tuer When youre unsure if any killing has happened, you can use  the subjunctive  of  tuer. Yet, if the killing is dependent on certain conditions, youll use  the conditional. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are both literary tenses and youll find them in formal French writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tue tuerais tuai tuasse tu tues tuerais tuas tuasses il tue tuerait tua tut nous tuions tuerions tumes tuassions vous tuiez tueriez tutes tuassiez ils tuent tueraient turent tuassent To use  tuer  in short, direct commands or requests,  the French imperative  is used. In this case, the subject pronoun is dropped so  tu tue  becomes  tue. Imperative (tu) tue (nous) tuons (vous) tuez

Help for Humanities, Liberal Arts Students Custom MLA Format Example

Help for Humanities, Liberal Arts Students Custom MLA Format Example MLA refers to a set of rules and formatting guidelines that are used by researchers within the humanities and liberal arts. These standards are described in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (8th edition), which is a 300-page manual, detailing every aspect of MLA paper writing. MLA ESSAY EXAMPLE Update: There was a recent update to the MLA handbook, issued in spring 2016. While basic requirements remain the same, there are numerous minor updates to the essay writing process. Take a look at the list of recent updates. You can also download an MLA format template. It allows you to skip the formatting part and insert your information to a pre-formatted file. MLA Format: Paper Use standard white 8.5Ãâ€"11 inches paper. MLA Format: Title Page Unless this is a specific requirement set by your instructor, a title page is not needed. An example of MLA essay cover page is below: MLA Format: Font Use legible 12 pt. font. While MLA has no specific requirements regarding fonts, we recommend using Times New Roman if unsure. Georgia, Courier New Arial are good alternatives as well. MLA Format: Formatting Use 1†³ margins on all sides Use 1/2†³ margins from top to your name Put your title in the center, do not italicize it If your quotation is longer than four lines, indent that paragraph 1†³. Do not use quotation marks! MLA Format: Numbering Use Arabic numerals (e.g. 1, 2, 3, etc.) and number your pages consecutively. Re-check whether your instructor wants to see the number on the first page. Page numbers are placed in the upper right-hand corner of your paper. MLA Format: Spacing Use double-spacing throughout your paper Put one space after punctuation marks (commas, full stops, etc.). MLA Format: Indentation Indent all paragraphs 1/2†³. MLA recommends that you hit TAB once, as opposed to pressing the spacebar five times. MLA Format: Heading Headers should be capitalized – the same way as you would capitalize words in titles. Center your headings and do not italicize, bold or underline them. MLA Format: Citation MLA is known as the â€Å"author page† style. It means that whenever making an MLA style reference, always indicate the author’s last name and a page you took the quote from. In-text citation in its most basic form defaults to this: (Name, 1). MLA Format: Citation examples The values are a representation of maximum loads, which can be exerted on the material without causing deformation (Ashby 23). The climate is changing, but the biologists do not agree that it will threaten animals and plants with extinction (Stampf Traufetter 132). MLA Format: References The references page should be at the end of your paper It should start with a new page, have a centered â€Å"† title Double-space all citations Create a hanging indent, to do so, indent second and subsequent lines of quotations by 0.5 inches. Proofreading referencing is a time-consuming assignment that can be outsourced to a professional writing service, like . We have completed hundreds of academic papers and know what it takes to write an excellent project. If you need assistance with your academic writing, feel free to contact our friendly support team. We will gladly answer all your questions in a matter of minutes. Or place an order on the website directly, and our professionals will start writing an excellent paper for you right away.

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING - Essay Example Cheryl’s husband was sent to jail the previous year and Cheryl is stressed up. Cheryl’s children are aged 13, 14 and 17 seem aggressive to her and even to the nurses in her presence. She confessed that she is a self harmer for several years as a tissue scar was noticed during examination. This trigger was a very personal matter to some of the group members as they had relatives who had undergone such situations. This made our group work harder than I thought (Jasper, 2003). As a result on our first day of presentation one such member failed to turn up. I personally felt bad and betrayed since we had really worked hard in our daily group discussions. I felt that that member was a letdown and did not deserve to be in our group any more. My feelings kept being pushed form bitter to pity since I put myself in their shoes and I understood the pain and trauma. Conversely, I thought that members should learn to separate their feelings and work so that there would be no conflict of interest. I felt that the member was just lazy and used their bad experience to intimidate the other group members to do their work as we quickly researched their part and presented the presentation. To my surprise this was just the beginning of the bad side of being in a group. During the following group discussion meetings, there were conflicts surrounding the group leader and the ordinary members. It is normal for groups to have conflict especially at the forming stages (Hackman, 1990). This member actually wanted to be the chairperson. Moreover, she expected the other group members to agree with her suggestions and responses without question (Burtis & Turman, 2010). In short she was always right and everyone else was wrong or should just follow her. As expected some members hit back and this led to more problems in the group as little work was being done and more conflict added (Corey, Corey & Corey, 2010). By this time I was almost giving up and since I am not

Project Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management Master - Assignment Example That is why Project Management is told to be the best method of implementing change. The defining and planning stage - means to plan the project in more detail by writing and publishing a full definition of the project and determining a project plan. The production of a Project Plan, or Schedule, is a key part of the development of any project. The schedule Formal methods of project management offer a framework to manage this process and provides a series of procedures to manage the project through its life cycle. According to the Lasa Computanews Guide to Project Management, the key elements are: Many project management systems are proprietary. Project management consultants sell them as a package of services that will include training sessions and consultancy alongside documentation that will include templates and guidance notes. These packages don't come cheap - they cost hundreds or thousands of pounds. But this approach may be a cost effective solution for larger organizations that want to set up a structure to manage a number of projects. Practically, they are paying to set up a framework that includes: training for staff, consultancy and support to manage projects within the organization. However, in RCIAS Good Practice Bulletin No3 there are noted some of the common issues identified within the Research Councils or the wider public and private sectors: Procurement Strategy, Guidelines, Supply of management information, Training, Contract Signing Powers, Use of consultants. The Procurement Strategy issue is determined by the fact that few councils have a formal and authorized procurement strategy.

Business economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business economics - Assignment Example This essay is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the theoretical views in this regard. Section 3 discusses the property market development mainly housing market development and macro economy in UK in the early 1990s. Section 4 discusses the property market development especially housing market development and the macro economy in UK since 2007 and section 5 concludes the report. 2. Theoretical Views An ideal property cycle according to Ball et al (1998) can be characterized as business upturn and development, business downturn and overbuilding, adjustment, slump and the next cycle. Many economic theories have been put forward to explain these five patterns like the business cycle approach (Barras, 1994; Key et al, 1994), based on accelerator principle. The two major factors affecting property development cycles are exogenous occupier demand for space and pro cyclical exogenous availability of finance according to this approach. However, this approach does not account for the c onstruction completion lags .Further there can be causalities from development cycles to economic activity also. Hence the building lag model developed by Baras(1983,1994) tries to produce an endogenous mechanism to explain development cycles. Here, the lag between demand and supply together with the accelerator principle explains the development cycles. The dynamic model based on historic data for UK property development by Barras and Ferguson (1987a, 1987 b) establishes an endogenous development cycle mechanism. This model identifies the level of user activity and the level of investment activity as the two major economic factors affecting property cycles. This model, however, explicitly includes an endogenous cycle mechanism, which is problematic .Further, the exogeneity assumption for variables like rent, capitalization rates, building costs etc are also questionable. Several explanations based on irrational behaviour of valuers, developers and lenders like slowness of these age nts to respond to clear market signals and failure to learn from experience are also given to property cycles (Baum and Crosby, 1995). However, these models implicitly assume irrational behaviour, which is its limitation. The model of property cycles and option pricing based on owners and developers (Grenadier, 1995) shows that the stickiness of vacancy rates increases with the rise in uncertainty and adjustment costs. Further, the probability of overbuilding rises with the rise in construction period, adjustment costs and uncertainty about future demand. However, this model is based on the assumptions regarding preferences in finance theory, which is unlikely to hold good in property markets. This reduces the predictability of the model (Ball etal.1998).Thus all the models discussed above have some shortcomings. Their predictability cannot be generalized and depends upon the context only. In addition to the above theoretical models, the property markets especially the housing marke ts are obtained to have reverse effects on the macro economy through their impact on the consumption expenditure of households, through the effects on

Analysis Of The Oligopoly Form Of Market Economics Essay

Analysis Of The Oligopoly Form Of Market Economics Essay An oligopoly is a form of a market, in which any particular industry is dominated by few sellers which are also known as oligopolists. Originally this word is derived from Greek, which means few to sell. Now since there is small number of smaller involved in a particular industry, this makes them very much conscious of the other players of the same industry. Rather, to be more precise any decision of Firm one influence and are influenced by, the decision of other firms. Lot of business scrutiny techniques are used in strategic planning such as SWOT, PEST, STEER and EPISTEL analysis needs to take into report the likely responses of the other players. Description Oligopoly is a common form of market. Often the four-firm is used to describe vice nary of oligopoly, in which the most common ratios are CR4 and the CR8, which means the four and the eight largest firms in a particular industry and also measures the share of the four or the eight largest organizations in an industry as a percentage. Now let me use an example to make the above point clear. Here we will take the US cellular phone market. In 2008, the companies like ATT, Sprint, Verizon and T-Mobile together controlled over 90% of the market. Despite of the common market share and oligopolistic competition can give rise to a wide range of results. In a circumstances where a firm may develop a practice which could be a trade preventive, such as collusion, market sharing etc. to raise there product price while restrict the production which is similar to the monopoly, this could be short term as well as long term. Let us see and understand monopoly in equilibrium. The illustration of monopoly is considered to be the same in short run and long run. Now the revenue maximization occurs where MR=MC. And therefore equilibrium is at P and Q. Features of this diagram are that there are barriers to entry in Monopoly. Companies are price maker. Profits are maximized at output where MR=MC. This means they set a price greater than MC which is inefficient. In this diagram the companies makes supernormal profits because AR is greater than AC. In order to get this in effect, a official agreement takes place which is also known as cartel. The best example of cartel is OPEC which has a deep influence on worldwide price of oil. These kinds of participant are Price Setter and not the Price Taker. Through the process of collusion, oligologics can reduce the risks in markets for investment and product development and is an attempt to steady the unbalanced market. In most countries this is legally restricted. In other situations, competition can be fiercer between sellers in an oligopoly, with relatively low prices and high production. This could lead to proficient results. The results can be better when there are more companies in an industry. Characteristics The major characteristics of oligopoly are to maximize the profit by producing, where in the generated marginal revenue equals to the marginal costs. Position to set the price, which we have previously discussed above that oligopolies are price setters rather than price takers. Barriers for new firms to enter are higher. We can split these barriers in two groups, one of which is natural and the other is strategic entry barriers. These barriers are based on economical scale, patents, way in to expensive and difficult technology and above all the tactical actions by present firms designed to put off or tear down emerging firms. Since, there are few companies which results the actions of one firm can weight the actions of the other firms. Predominate factor is high barriers of the entry which prevents emerging companies from entering market, which in result can retain long run atypical profits. The most typical feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. Since oligopolies consists of fe w large firms and, each firm is so large that any of its action can affect the market condition. And due to this reason, the competing firms are well conscious of the market actions and are set ready to respond accordingly and correctly. In order to view a market action, a firm must take into the deliberation the possible reactions of all rival firms and there moves. A game of chess is a best example to simplify the above statements. Wherein both the opponents are very well conscious of each others action and are ready for the counter moves, this is duopoly. But this could explain the oligopoly since the players in the market are few in numbers. Modeling There is no model to explain the process of an oligopolistic market. In some markets there is a solitary firm which wheels a leading share of the market and a group of smaller firms. The dominant firm sets prices which are simply taken by the smaller firms in shaping their profit maximizing level of production. This type of market is known as a monopoly. Cournot-Nash model The Cournot-Nash model is the simplest oligopoly model. In this model there are two likewise positioned firms, the firms competes on the basis of the capacity rather than price and each firm makes and production decision assuming that the other firms actions is fixed. Now the bend of the demand in the market is based on assumptions to be linear and marginal cost are constant. To find the Cournot-Nash equation, one needs to determine how each firm reacts to a change in the output of the other firm which is followed by sequence of proceedings and reactions. This outline continues until a point is reached where neither firm desires to change what it is doing, given how it believes the other firm will react to any change. The balance is the intersection of the two firms reaction functions. The reaction purpose shows how one firm reacts to the mass choice of the other firm. For an example, assuming that the Firm A demand function P = (60 Q2) Q1 where Q2 is the quantity produced by the o ther firm and Q1 is the sum produced by firm A. Assume that the marginal cost is 12 Firm A wants to know its maximizing quantity and price. Firm A begins the process by following maximization rule of equating marginal revenue to marginal costs. Firm As total revenue purpose is PQ = Q1(60 Q2 Q1) = 60Q1- Q1Q2 Q12. The marginal purpose is MR = 60 Q2 2Q. MR = MC 60 Q2 2Q = 12 2Q = 48 Q2 Q1 = 24 0.5Q2 (1.1) Q2 = 24 0.5Q1 (1.2) Equation 1.1 is the reaction function for firm A. Equation 1.2 is the reaction function for firm B. The balance quantities can also be determined graphically, in which the balance explanation would be at the intersection of the two reaction functions. In mechanized economics, barriers to entry have resulted in oligopolies forming in many sectors, with new levels of struggle fueled by rising globalization. These are typically determined by development of a product and advertising. For example, there is only undersized figure of producers of civil passenger aircraft. Oligopolies have also arisen in a lot regulated markets such as wireless communications, in several areas only two or three providers are licensed to operate. In United Kingdom, there are five banks that control the UK banking sector, and were also accused of being an oligopoly by the newcomer Virgin bank. Going to the grocery market, we find four companies who shares 74.4% to 75.01% of the grocery market which are Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons. The detergent market is dominated by only two players and they are Unilever and Procter Gamble. Demand Curve In oligopoly, any company operates under flawed competition. With the vicious price competitiveness created by demand bend, firms use non-price competition in order to boost revenue and market share. Kinked insist curves are similar to usual insist curves. They are different by a hypothesized bowed bend with a discontinuity at the bend-Kink. Hence, the first imitative at that point is not clear and leads to a hop discontinuity in the marginal revenue curve. The inspiration following this kink is the thought that if firms will not elevate their prices because even a small price raise will drop many customer in oligopolistic or monopolistically competitive market. The reason behind this is that, the competitors will generally pay no attention to the increase in prices and will focus on gaining a larger market share. However, even a large price reduction will gain only a few customers because such an action will begin a price war with other players in the market. And for this reason, the curve is therefore more price-elastic for price add to and less so for price decreases. Firms will often enter the industry in the long run.

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CNN/MoneyWeb Home Markets & Stocks ADRs AM Market Call Bonds & Rates Commodities Currencies Dow 30 Earnings Earnings Warnings Hot Stocks Investor Research Center IPO Center Most Active Stocks PM Market Call U.S. Stocks Wall Street Research Widely Helds World Markets Track Your Stocks Real Time Quotes Company News Economy World Biz Technology Commentary Personal Finance Mutual Funds Money Magazine Money 101 Portfolio Calculators Real-time Quotes CNN/Money Email newsletters Mobile news Money archives Buy story reprints CNNfn on TV | Web video Buy show videos SPECIAL OFFER --AAABAEAKALAPARASAZBCCACOCTDCDEFLGAHIIAIDILINKSKYLAMAMBMDMEMIMNMOMPMSMTNBNCNDNENFNHNJNMNVNSNTNYONOHOKORPAPEPRQCRISCSDSKTNTXUTVAVIVTWAWIWVWYYT Please do not contact me via e-mail with offers from Time Inc, and CNN/Money Get 11 more issues, totaling 12 for $19.95, if you like MONEY. Or cancel and owe nothing MONEY is published monthly, except for two issues combined periodically into one and occasional extra, expanded, or premium issues. Combined, expanded, and premium issues count as two subscription issues. Rate good in U.S. only. In Canada, 12 issues/$37.00, not including GST, HST, and QST. Subscribers: If the Post Office alerts us that your magazine is undeliverable, we have no further obligation unless we receive a corrected address within two years. To read our Privacy Policy, go to http://money.cnn.com/services/privacy/ I agree to the offer details above. 12 issues for $19.95. Privacy Policy Markets & Stocks Stocks rally on optimism Investors encouraged by some positive earnings reports as economy at home takes center stage. April 14, 2003: 1:38 PM EDT By Meghan Collins and Malina Poshtova Zang, CNN/Money Staff Writers NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Stocks rallied into early afternoon trading Monday as investors saw some hope for corporate growth and the economy after a few positive profit reports. Shortly after 1:30 a.m. ET the Dow Jones industrial average (up 105.32 to 8308.73, Charts), the Nasdaq composite (up 19.98 to 1378.83, Charts) and the S&P 500 index (up 11.60 to 879.90, Charts) all rallied to gains of more than 1 percent. Only two of the 30 Dow stocks traded lower. "I think there's a little bit of optimism here today -- you can take one eye off Iraq and start to focus more on the economy and earnings," said James Park, senior trader at Brean Murray & Co. With the war in Iraq de facto over, investors increasingly shifted their focus to matters at home, top of which were the state of the U.S. economy and corporate bottom lines. This week marks the first of the two biggest weeks for posting first-quarter results -- and the first earnings news that came Monday appeared encouraging.

What impacts the European debate about migration?

What political values and involvements impact the European argument about migration? Discuss how it affects the international instruments for migration, refuge, policing, boundary line controls, condemnable and civil jurisprudence today. Introduction Since the terminal of the Cold War, and possibly even more so in the context of Western responses to the events of 11 September 2001, the overpowering bulk of refugees are non offered refuge in the West. Rather than Alliess, they are now considered to be a security menace. Furthermore, economic migrators, one time welcomed as a necessary add-on to the labour force, are progressively perceived as a menace to security and a menace to occupations. The issue of in-migration in the EU has become progressively politicised and progressively securitised ( Huysmans 2006 ) , and has come to be a major factor in election runs across Europe. ‘Managing in-migration is now â€Å"the greatest challenge confronting all European governments† , harmonizing to John Reid, Britain ‘s place secretary. Nicolas Sarkozy, interior curate and presidential campaigner, has launched a get-tough run that may force the issue up the docket in following twelvemonth ‘s Gallic presidential election. This summer ‘s break-up of the Dutch alliance was triggered by differences over the tough policy of the in-migration curate, Rita Verdonk’ ( Economist 2006 ) . This highlights how cardinal the argument on migration is to the political relations of states across Europe. Immigration has become a cardinal issue in European political relations, one on which elections can progressively be won or lost. The European argument on migration encompasses values and involvements from across the political spectrum. Positions and beliefs about freedom, human rights, security, societal coherence, economic development and growing all play a portion in determining the European argument on migration. In this essay, I will concentrate on three of these issues – economic growing, human rights and security – analyzing which political values shape the economic, human rights and security statements which surround the in-migration argument. I will so look at how the argument has affected international instruments for migration, refuge, policing, boundary line controls, condemnable and civil jurisprudence in recent old ages. Economic growing By and large, those who prioritise economic growing have been in favor of increasing flexibleness in labour markets on the footing that free markets ( including free labor markets ) stimulate economic growing. However, as the Economist ( 2007 ) explains, ‘ [ I ] mmigration has become a complex and controversial issue for the EU, with economic benefits being weighed up against opposition from voters.’ Furthermore, while it may be considered good for economic growing at the macroeconomic degree, it is besides argued that in-migration takes occupations off from local workers ( and wages are frequently remitted to states of beginning – at least for first coevals immigrants ) therefore damaging community coherence and local economic systems. By and large, nevertheless, the economic growing statement comes down on the side of cut downing barriers to migration and points to the economic part of immigrants. The Economist ( 2006 ) , for illustration, argues that ‘gov ernments should non seek to halt all in-migration, even if they could. Immigrants ain and run stores, serve in eating houses and staff infirmaries ( many of the physicians and nurses who work in Britain ‘s wellness service have trained abroad ) .’ Human rights Human rights are besides normally cited as an statement in favor of leting in-migration or, at least, certain types of in-migration ( such as the granting of refuge ) . Indeed, international human rights instruments complement international refugee jurisprudence. As Gorlick ( 2003, 91 ) argues, the ‘development of law coming out of the UN human rights mechanisms is promoting and it provides a well-articulated legal foundation supportive of protagonism attempts on behalf of refugees.’ Human rights groups and administrations tend to be on the left of the political spectrum and be given to run for the carnival ( and normally more generous ) application of refuge. As economic and societal rights are progressively recognised as human rights, nevertheless, human rights claims can be used in the instance against leting migration by and large ( though non against asylum specifically ) on the footing that migrators take occupations off from national citizens. Security Gibney ( 2001, 41 ) explains that ‘ [ s ] ecurity is, for the most portion, an instrumental value. That is, we want it because it enables us to gain other values, such as freedom, peace of head and justness. Its instrumental function suggests that the value of any addition in security is non absolute ; it needs to be weighed against the costs it might hold to the other of import values.’ This is really of import when sing have values and involvements are converted into policy: while it may be possible to procure something or person wholly against a specific menace, the steps needed to procure them may curtail other values such as freedom to such an extent that the cost outweighs the benefit of the reduced hazard or extra security. Weiner ( 1992, 103 ) extends this statement to see how differing values in differing societies will take to differing apprehensions of security: ‘ † Security † is a societal concept with different significances in different so cieties†¦ Supplying a oasis for those who portion one ‘s values ( political freedom, for illustration ) is of import in some states, but non in others ; in some states, hence, an inflow of â€Å" freedom combatants † may non be regarded as a menace to security.’ This demonstrates that even amongst those who value ‘security’ and prioritize it in the European argument on migration, there can be broad divergency of positions on how this precedence should be reflected in policies and international instruments. Migration Rudolph ( 2003, 615 ) argues that ‘ [ w ] hat is endangering about the cloak-and-dagger entry of terrorists and the presence of sleeper cells in the fatherland is basically their invisibility—a ghost skulking in the shadows. Therefore, security would look to necessitate policies thatadditionvisibleness instead thanlesseningit.’ This provides a security-based statement to let in-migration, because legal in-migration is of course more seeable than illegal in-migration. However, this statement is non frequently applied in pattern. Generally, economic statements are made in favor of facilitaty inward migration and security statements are made to increase limitations on in-migration. The current tendency in Europe ( every bit good as the United States ) since the terminal of the Cold War and particularly since 9/11 has been to prioritize the security statements over the economic statements and this has resulted in a tightening of international in-migration controls. Refuge As Loescher ( 2003, 11 ) argues, ‘ [ R ] efugees are perceived as destabilising to national, regional and international security and as triggers for regional instability. Everywhere baneful Torahs now exist to turn away refugees and curtail their rights This state of affairs is a important going from province pattern in the Cold War when – mostly for political intents – attitudes towards refugees were far more tolerant and welcoming.’ Asylum is a right of those who have a tenable fright of persecution in their place state, enshrined in the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees ( which about half the provinces in the universe have signed up to ) . However, as Weiner ( 1992, 109 ) explains, refugees’ ‘requests for refuge have been scrutinized non merely for whether they have a tenable fright of persecution, but for whether their presence might represent a menace to the host state. Such frights, it should be noted, are sometime s overdone, and authoritiess have frequently gone to extreme lengths to protect themselves against low degree menaces but these frights are however non ever without foundation, particularly in the context of an addition in international terrorism.’ In fact, at different times and in different topographic points, allowing refuge has been seen as a agency of keeping international security, and non a menace to ( national or international ) security. In the EU today, nevertheless, the inclination is to cut down entree to asylum, chiefly on the footing of statements about the menace that refugees pose to national and international security. This is reflected in a tightening of refuge controls in most of Europe. Patroling and boundary line controls Again, in the instance of policing and boundary line controls, the comparative prioritisation of different issues has an impact of how policy develops. Not merely that, but even within a given or agreed prioritisation, there may be broad argument and difference over what is the best agencies to accomplish those values that are prioritised. Koslowski ( 2002, 173 ) explains that in seeking to cover with organized offense, for illustration, ‘ [ R ] ather than covering with the more hard issues of altering citizenship Torahs and suiting progressively multi-ethnic societies, during the late eightiess and early 1990s, policymakers focused on stepping up boundary line controls and fastening refuge constabularies. However, Hayter ( 2000 ) provides economic, human rights and security statements in favor of loosen uping boundary line controls. Indeed, she proposes get rid ofing them wholly. Blaming refugees, or even migration more by and large, for organized offense is non a new phenomen on. However, it is an statement that is frequently disputed by experts, including the constabulary ( Hayter, 2000, 31 ) . Criminal and civil jurisprudence As Guild & A ; Minderhoud ( 2006 ) explain, the interaction of condemnable jurisprudence and migration jurisprudence defines how civil autonomies are balanced against the public protection responsibilities of the authorities. They examine the interpolation of in-migration into condemnable jurisprudence in the European Union. There are two peculiarly interesting points here. The first is that the administrative processs environing the entry, abode and/or ejection of aliens are non capable to the same methods of due procedure as those in condemnable jurisprudence. The 2nd is that in the face of turning force per unit area to control and command in-migration, assorted facets of migration have become progressively criminalised in recent old ages in the EU. Decision The European argument on migration is influenced by a huge array of different political issues and values which pull policy in conflicting waies. The policy results at any given clip depend on which issues and policies carry most strength at that given clip. Therefore while the European economic systems are by and large working rather good and in the wake of two really high profile terrorist events ( 9/11 and 7/7 bombardments ) , the current tendency is for security concerns to rule the docket. It is non hard to conceive of that this state of affairs could be reversed in the hereafter, nevertheless, and that would probably take to a more welcoming and less restrictive attack to in-migration in Europe. Bibliography Economist ( 2006 ) ‘Migration megrim: Immigration is a Europe-wide concern. It is non clear, though, that it needs a European solution’ from the Economist ( print edition ) , 14 September 2006. Economist ( 2007 ) ‘Turn back, huddled multitudes: The European Union hopes to stem the in-migration tide’ from the Economist Intelligence Unit ViewsWire 20 February 2007 ( downloaded from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.economist.com/agenda/displaystory.cfm? story_id=E1_RSNRSNP on 5 May 2007 ) Gibney, M. ( 2001 ) . Security and the moralss of refuge after 11 September.Forced Migration Review, 13, 40-42. Gorlick, B. ( 2003 ) . Refugee Protection in Troubled Times: Contemplations on Institutional and Legal Developments at the Crossroads. In N. Steiner, M. Gibney, & A ; G. Loescher,Problems of Protection: The UNHCR, Refugees, and Human Rights( pp. 79-99 ) . London: Routledge. Guild, E. & A ; Minderhoud, P. ( 2006 ) .Immigration and Criminal Law in the European Union: The Legal Measures and Social Consequences of Criminal Law in Member States on Trafficking and Smuggling in Human Beings.Leyden: Brill. Hayter, T. 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